NOWY SĄCZ ACADEMIC REVIEW
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Nowy Sącz Academic Review is a scientific journal (ISSN 1734 – 1590) published annually by Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National Louis University, Zielona 27, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland. The journal is primarily published on line at http://www.nsar.wsb-nlu.edu.pl
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Pozycja Polish Management in Times of Change(Wyższa Szkola Biznesu - National-Louis University, 2004) Koźmiński, Andrzej K.Pozycja Discovering Patterns and Models in Economic and Business Analysis(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University, 2004) Śliwa, KazimierzPozycja Derivative Securities in Risk Management for Capital Market Investments(Wyższa Szkola Biznesu - National-Louis University, 2004) Capiński, MarekPozycja The Role of Transnational Corporations in the Entity Structure of World Economy - A Contribution to the Verification of G.S. Yip's Proposition(Wyższa Szkola Biznesu - National-Louis University, 2004) Wiktor, Jan W.Pozycja Position and Role of Strategic Analysis in the Process of Strategic Management(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University, 2004) Czarnecki, PiotrPozycja Should the Polish Power Industry be Integrated and If So, How?(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University, 2004) Szablewski, AndrzejPozycja A New Method of DCF Valuation(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University, 2005) Capiński, MarekPozycja Differently Fundamental – Microstructural Approach to Determining PLN/EUR Central Rate for ERM II(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University, 2005) Patena, WiktorPozycja Hill Crunching Clustered Genetic Search and its Improvements(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University, 2005) Telega, Henryk; Podolak, IgorPozycja Labelled Polyomino Codes: A Survey of Algebraic and Deductibility Issues(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University, 2005) Moczurad, WłodzimierzPozycja An Overview of Contemporary Theories of Fertility(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University, 2005) Suseł, AleksanderPozycja Isomorphism Testing for Orthomodular Lattices(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University, 2005) Gorazd, Tomasz A.; Idziak, Paweł M.Pozycja Expansion of Marketing Activities and Marketing as a Field of Science and Education Subject(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University, 2005) Dietl, JerzyPozycja Enterprise Strategy Implementation Methodology(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University by Management Sciences Institute, 2007) Noga, GracjanaPozycja Pricing Dividend Protected Options Listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University by Management Sciences Institute, 2007) Kobak, Piotr Z.Due to the contingent dividend protection feature of the stock options listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, the standard Black-Scholes option price formulae do not apply in this case. We derive closed form price formulae and the put-call parity relationship for WSE stock options, and discuss the price differences between the standard and the modified formulae.Pozycja Treshold Management in an Enterprise(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University by Management Sciences Institute, 2007) Wdowiak, WojciechPozycja Value Added as a Measurement of the Effectiveness of Business Enterprises(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University by Management Sciences Institute, 2007) Ujwary-Gil, AnnaPozycja Public-Private Partnerships in Toll Motorways in Poland: A Comparison of Financing, Exploitation and Fiscal Risks(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University by Management Sciences Institute, 2007) Moszoro, MarianPozycja Role of ICT Training in Closing Digital Divide among SMEs(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University by Management Sciences Institute, 2007) Wielicki, TomaszPozycja Goal Orientations in the Context of Human Subjectivity(Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu – National-Louis University, 2009) Trzebińska, MonikaThe purpose of this article is to present goal orientations in terms of manifestations of human subjectivity. Subjectivity is a collection of attributes that make a person influence the way of his or her own actions. These attributes belong to the cognitive, emotional, motivational, and executive spheres. Goal orientation is a good example of a complex construct, covering all these spheres. Goal orientation is a way in which an individual interprets, evaluates and reacts to achievement situations. Four goal orientations are distinguished: learning orientation, avoidance orientation, self-enhancing ego orientation and self-defeating ego orientation. They are a combination of two forms of achievement motivation (approach and avoidance) and two orientations under the competence definition adopted by subject – ego involvement and task involvement. The article presents the possibilities of concluding on subjectivity on the basis of the structure of goal orientations and analyses the opportunities and constraints related to regarding the goal orientations as manifestations of subjectivity.