Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Psychological Traits as Factors Influencing Productivity, 2018, vol. 14, issue 1

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Testing Students’ Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy as an Early Predictor of Entrepreneurial Activities. Evidence From the SEAS Project
(Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę "Cognitione" / Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis Univeristy, 2018) Zięba, Krzysztof; Golik, Jakub
Over the last forty years, since Bandura (1977) introduced the concept of self-efficacy, there have been a constantly growing number of research publications using this concept. Its early development resulted in the creation of a new construct of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) proposed for the first time by (Chen et al. 1998). Since then, many different groups of research concerning ESE have emerged - one of them is the study of ESE of students. With regard to this particular group, a recent tendency to study ESE in a pre-post setting can be noticed i.a. Karlsson, Moberg (2013), Shinnar, Hsu, Powell (2014), Ismail, Zain, Zulihar (2015). Due to the increasing interest in entrepreneurial self-efficacy research and the need to fill the gap in the literature with regard to European post-communist countries (and particularly – Poland) (Drnovsek, Wincent, Cardon, 2010), in this paper we present a brief overview of ESE research and pose the question whether ESE of Polish students can serve as an early predictor of their subsequent entrepreneurial activities, potentially leading them to nascent entrepreneurship. The research material was collected from the SEAS (Survey on Entrepreneurial Attitudes of Students) Project carried out at the Faculty of Management and Economics, Gdańsk University of Technology. The research sample was composed of 72 students - ESE was measured in a pre-post setting using a single item based on a five-point Likert scale. One of the research conclusions is that ESE manifested by student-beginners seems to influence their later entrepreneurial behavior in a statistically significant way - potentially making ESE a valuable early predictor of future entrepreneurial activities. In the concluding part of the study, limitations are discussed and future study developments are indicated.
Comparative Analysis of Mechanisms of Schumpeterian Evolution
(Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę "Cognitione" / Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis Univeristy, 2018) Lipieta, Agnieszka; Malawski, Andrzej
The paper extends the research program of modeling the Schumpeterian vision of innovative development in the framework of the Arrow-Debreu theory of general equilibrium. To study changes in the production sector, as well as in the whole economy, the concept of extension of the systems under study is introduced. It enables us to model the mechanisms of Schumpeterian evolution in the conceptual apparatus of Hurwicz’s theory of economic mechanisms. The paper is aimed at expanding our previous studies into two new directions. First, we establish the conditions sufficient for improving positions of various groups of agents such as producers, innovators, consumers, etc., under the price or qualitative mechanism regime. Second, to compare mechanisms of Schumpeterian evolution, we respect the logic of this process which is determined by innovative, as well as adaptive, equilibrium changes in the evolving economy under consideration. Consequently, we formulate two different criteria in our comparative analysis based, on the one hand, on the index of the distance between two innovative extensions of the given economic system and, on the other hand, on the increase in wealth of the given set of agents. The motivations of innovators, and the reason for which innovations are adopted into the producers’ and consumers’ plans of action, are also precisely explained in the paper. The results of our theoretical research can be useful in economic analyses, among others, in the case of the lack of the sufficient access to statistical data. Due to both the formal conceptual apparatus of the general equilibrium theory and Hurwicz’s approach to the problem of designing economic mechanisms, the paper takes the form of an axiomatic deductive system of mathematical theorems interpreted in the language of economics.
Personality Traits and Sales Effectiveness: The Life Insurance Market in Poland
(Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę "Cognitione" / Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis Univeristy, 2018) Janowski, Andrzej
Within organizations in industrialized countries, the quality of human resources tends to become a major issue on the path to achieving a competitive advantage. According to the author’s research, the implementation of the five-factor model of Costa and McCrae provides the solution for the abovementioned problem. This article demonstrates the crucial utility of the five-factor model of Costa and McCrae in the context of life insurance industry effectiveness from both the theoretical and practical perspectives based on a case study of the four largest life insurance companies 796 most effective agents. Results imply the existence of a positive correlation between the level of the selected personality traits intensities and the life insurance agent’s sales efficiency. Moreover, as levels of the personality traits of “openness to experience,” “consciousness,” “agreeableness” and “neuroticism” are the predictors of life insurance company effectiveness, there are fundamentals for induction to be appropriate for the whole retail financial sector human resources management system.
How Can the Organizational Commitment of Pakistan Railways’ Employees Be Improved? The Moderating Role of Psychological Capital
(Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę "Cognitione" / Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis Univeristy, 2018) Nawaz, Muhammad; Bhatti, Ghulam Abbas; Ahmad, Shahbaz; Ahmed, Zeshan
The purpose of this research is twofold: firstly it was planned to examine the relationship and impact of peer-relationship on organizational commitment by means of and without the moderating role of psychological capital. Secondly, the researchers aimed to examine the association of organizational culture and organizational commitment, similarly, by way of and without the moderating effect of psychological capital. This study is cross-sectional by nature in which data were collected from the operational staff of Pakistan railways. While investigating the moderating impact of psychological capital on the association of peer relationship and organizational commitment, it was found that psychological capital strengthens the relationship of peer relationship and organizational commitment; and also strengthens the relationship of organizational culture and organizational commitment as well.
Innovation Patterns in the Canned Fish Industry In Galicia (Spain)
(Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę "Cognitione" / Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis Univeristy, 2018) González-López, Manuel
In this paper, we analyze the competitive and innovative trajectories followed by the canned fish industry in recent times. We base our study on four case studies from the Galician industry in Spain, which comprises the largest share of the European canned fish sector. At least four different innovation patterns are found in the industry. The first pattern is a conservative one where innovation is seen as a risk and therefore maintaining current routines is the chosen option. The second pattern has been defined as “large retailer-dominated” and is followed by companies that have signed exclusive agreements with large retailers, which increasingly determine most of their innovation activities. The third strategy we have defined as “territory-orientated,” since product innovation and incorporation of quality distinctions based on the territory are the main innovation drivers. Finally, we have an “ecological or nature-orientated” innovation strategy where meeting ecological normative requirements is the main innovation driver.
Barriers to Sustainable Business Model Innovation in Swedish Agriculture
(Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę "Cognitione" / Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis Univeristy, 2018) Cederholm Björklund, Jennie
Sweden’s agriculture industry has faced many challenges in recent years. Among the most severe challenges are the decrease in the number of small and medium-sized farms, the decrease in the number of people employed in agricultural activities, and the increase in governmental regulations and legislation governing such activities. At the same time, the demand that agriculture contributes to sustainable social and ecological development has increased. Although research shows that sustainable business model innovation (SBMI) contributes to the creation of sustainable businesses and to the development of a sustainable society, Swedish agriculture has not been at the forefront in the use of SBMI. The purpose of this paper is to examine the barriers to SBMI in Swedish agriculture in order to understand why farmers seldom engage in SBMI. This qualitative study follows the Gioia methodology and data for the analysis were acquired in semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs at six family farms in Sweden. The paper makes a theoretical contribution to the research on SBMI with its focus on sustainable entrepreneurship in the Swedish agricultural industry. The paper concludes that the barriers to SBMI are external, internal, and contextual.
Innovativeness of Enterprises in Poland in the Regional Context
(Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę "Cognitione" / Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis Univeristy, 2018) Golejewska, Anna
The article examines the innovativeness of enterprises in 69 Polish NUTS3 sub-regions in 2014. The analysis is based on unpublished regional data from the Polish Central Statistical Office covering the following variables: the share of enterprises which have incurred outlays for innovative activities, the share of enterprises implementing process or product innovations, the share of companies collaborating in the field of innovation, and the share of new or modernized products in total production sold in industrial companies. The analysis focuses on building rankings and cluster analysis of NUTS3 regions. As research methods, the author uses selected methods of multidimensional comparative analysis, principal component analysis and the hierarchical Ward’s method. The results show that there are substantial differences among NUTS3 sub-regions as regards innovativeness of enterprises. The low level of cooperation does not foster innovation. Innovation outputs of enterprises are also unsatisfactory. The highest variation is seen in the share of new or modernized products in total production sold in industrial companies. The final effect of the cluster analysis is the division of regions into 7 groups. In the case of units where innovation inputs are not reflected in innovation outputs, it would be useful to explore regional and local factors influencing those relations. Further research is still needed.
The Perception of an Entrepreneur’s Structural, Relational and Cognitive Social Capital among Young People in Poland - An Exploratory Study
(Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę "Cognitione" / Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu - National Louis Univeristy, 2018) Ziemiański, Paweł
The goal of the current paper is to verify how an entrepreneur’s structural, relational and cognitive social capital levels are perceived by young people in Poland. The research involved a group of 374 undergraduate business students from a Polish university as participants. Participants completed a survey on entrepreneurial cognitions. It was found that participants assess the level of an entrepreneur’s social capital as relatively low. Due to the fact that social capital, and its different dimensions, serve different purposes in the process of venture creation, the result obtained can be considered alarming. Its practical implications are related to the necessity to review and design activities facilitating the development of an entrepreneurial culture in Poland. The value and the originality of the paper lie in the approach that allowed us to investigate which dimensions of an entrepreneur’s social capital are seen as particularly weak by people for whom launching a new business is a viable option in the near future.

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